All people are the descendants of one man and one woman, believer and kaafir (non-believer), black and white, Arab and non-Arab, rich and poor, noble and lowly.

Islam does not pay attention to differences in colour, race or lineage. All people come from Adam, and Adam was created from dust. In Islam, differentiation between people is based on faith (Iman) and piety (Taqwa), by doing that which Allah has enjoined and avoiding that which Allah has prohibited. Allah says:

O humanity! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female, and made you into peoples and tribes so that you may ˹get to˺ know one another. Surely the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous among you. Allah is truly All-Knowing, All-Aware.

Quran - 49:13

(interpretation of the meaning)

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ (peace be upon him) said:

"Verily Allah does not look to your bodies nor to your faces but He looks to your hearts," and he pointed towards the heart with his fingers.

Sahih Muslim, 2564b

Islam regards all people as equal as far as rights and duties are concerned. People are equal before the law (Shari'ah), as Allah says:

Whoever does good, whether male or female, and is a believer, We will surely bless them with a good life, and We will certainly reward them according to the best of their deeds.

Quran - 16:97

(interpretation of the meaning)

Faith, truthfulness and piety all lead to Paradise, which is the right of the one who acquires these attributes, even if he is one of the weakest or lowliest of people. Allah says:

And whoever believes in Allah and does good will be admitted by Him into Gardens under which rivers flow, to stay there for ever and ever. Allah will have indeed granted them an excellent provision.

Quran - 65:11

(interpretation of the meaning)

Kufr (disbelief), arrogance and oppression all lead to Hell, even if the one who does these things is one of the richest or noblest of people. Allah says:

As for those who disbelieve and reject Our revelations, they will be the residents of the Fire, staying there forever. What an evil destination!

Quran - 64:10

(interpretation of the meaning)

The advisors of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ (peace be upon him) included Muslim men of all tribes, races and colours. Their hearts were filled with Tawhid (monotheism) and they were brought together by their faith and piety – such as Abu Bakr from Quraysh, ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib from Bani Haashim, Bilal the Ethiopian, Suhayb the Roman, Salman the Persian, rich men like ‘Uthman and poor men like ‘Ammar, people of means and poor people like Ahl al-Suffah, and others.

They believed in Allah and strove for His sake, until Allah and His Messenger were pleased with them. They were the true believers.

Their reward with their Lord will be Gardens of Eternity, under which rivers flow, to stay there for ever and ever. Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him. This is ˹only˺ for those in awe of their Lord.

Quran - 98:8

(interpretation of the meaning)

Source: islamqa.info · islamqa.org